Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients With Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain
The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial
Erin E. Krebs, et al.
JAMA. 2018;319(9):872-882. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0899
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2673971
慢性腰痛、股部・膝変形性関節症の中等度以上重症疼痛患者に対して、オピオイド系 vs 非オピオイド処方の疼痛関連機能改善効果の比較
RCT、240名
Nonopioid Prescribing Strategy
- Step 1 was acetamino- phen (paracetamol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- Step 2 included adjuvant oral medications (ie, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, gabapentin) and topical analgesics (ie, capsaicin, lidocaine).
- Step 3 included drugs requiring prior authorization from the VA clinic (ie, pregabalin, duloxetine) and tramadol.
Patients were initially prescribed a step 1 medication, unless all were clinically inap- propriate. Subsequent changes included titrating, replacing, or adding medications.
Opioid Prescribing Strategy
Per protocol, patients in the opioid group started taking immediate-release (IR) opioids.
- Step 1 was morphine IRhydrocodone/acetaminophen, and oxycodone IR.
- Step 2 was morphine sustained-action (SA) and oxycodone SA.
- Step 3 was transdermal fentanyl.
Single-opioid therapy was preferred, but dual therapy with a scheduled SA opioid and as-needed IR opioid was considered based on patient needs and preferences.
Opioids were titrated to a maximum daily dosage of 100 morphine-equivalent (ME) mg.
If dosages were titrated to 60 ME mg/d without a response, rotation to another opioid was considered before dosage escalation.
プライマリアウトカム:12ヶ月時点での疼痛関連機能 (Brief Pain Inventory [BPI] interference scale) :1ポイント改善で臨床的意義
www.npcrc.org/files/news/briefpain_short.pdf
プライマリ・副作用アウトカム:薬品関連症状(患者報告チェックリスト:range 0-19)
平均年齢 58.3歳、女性 32(13.0%)、トライアル完遂 234 (97.5%)
疼痛関連機能について群間差12ヶ月時点で認めない 、全体 P = 0.58
平均12ヶ月BPI interferenceは オピオイド群 3.4 、非オピオイド 3.3 (差 0.1 ,95% cI, -0.5 to 0.7)
疼痛強度は12ヶ月間、非オピオイド群で有意に良好 (overall P = .03); mean 12-month BPI 重症度 オピオイド群 4.0 vs 非オピオイド群 3.5 (差, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.0 to 1.0])
薬剤副作用症状はオピオイド群が12ヶ月間常に多い (overall P = .03); 平均薬剤関連症状 オピオイド群 1.8 、非オピオイド群 0.9 (差, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.3 to 1.5])
オピオイド系薬剤使いすぎじゃないかと思われるケースを散見する
NSAIDsによる心血管疾患イベント増加、腎障害、いわゆるアスピリン喘息などを考えると、NSAIDs忌避傾向は当然なのかもしれない
だが、オピオイド系が安全というわけでもない
さらに、有効性も今ひとつとなると、オピオイド薬剤のbenefit/harmバランス再考必要