2015年3月27日金曜日

同じ日の新聞で相反する見出し・・・　新聞てのは印象操作し放題なんだなぁと改めて思う

経済学とか世情に疎い私だが、この記事見出しはひどい！

同じ日の日経新聞

同じ情報ソースで、｢消費持ち直した｣と｢増税前の反動続く、小売業販売額減少｣と２つの相反する見出し

政府持ち上げ記事の方である｢消費持ち直し｣の根拠は、｢減少幅が大幅に縮み｣だって・・・　

雇用や消費持ち直したが

小売業販売額は１．８％減少2月、増税前の反動続く

Macrolide therapy suppresses key features of experimental steroid-sensitive and steroid-insensitive asthma
Ama-Tawiah Essilfie, et. al.
Thorax doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206067

Steroid-insensitive endotypes of asthma are an important clinical problem and effective therapies are required. They are associated with bacterial infection and non-eosinophilic inflammatory responses in the asthmatic lung. Macrolide therapy is effective in steroid-insensitive endotypes, such as non-eosinophilic asthma. However, whether the effects of macrolides are due to antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory mechanisms is not known.

Objective To determine and assess the efficacy of macrolide (ie, clarithromycin) and non-macrolide (ie, amoxicillin) antibiotic treatments in experimental models of infection-induced, severe, steroid-insensitive neutrophilic allergic airways disease (SSIAAD), compared with steroid-sensitive AAD and to delineate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of macrolide therapy.

Methods We developed and used novel mouse models of Chlamydia and Haemophilus lung infection-induced SSIAAD. We used these models to investigate the effects of clarithromycin and amoxicillin treatment on immune responses and airways hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in Ova-induced, T helper lymphocyte (Th) 2 -associated steroid-sensitive AAD and infection-induced Th1/Th17-associated SSIAAD compared with dexamethasone treatment.

Results Clarithromycin and amoxicillin had similar antimicrobial effects on infection. Amoxicillin did attenuate some features, but did not broadly suppress either form of AAD. It did restore steroid sensitivity in SSIAAD by reducing infection. In contrast, clarithromycin alone widely suppressed inflammation and AHR in both steroid-sensitive AAD and SSIAAD. This occurred through reductions in Th2 responses that drive steroid-sensitive eosinophilic AAD and tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin 17 responses that induce SSIAAD.

Conclusions Macrolides have broad anti-inflammatory effects in AAD that are likely independent of their antimicrobial effects. The specific responses that are suppressed are dependent upon the responses that dominate during AAD.

CTRP1 (complement-C1q TNF-related protein 1) は、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD) のマーカー

CTRP1 (complement-C1q TNF-related protein 1) は、NAFLDのマーカー

２型糖尿病、NAFLDいずれかもしくは両者併病で増加

Circulating Level of CTRP1 in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Is It through Insulin Resistance?
Parisa Shabani, et. al.
PLOS Published: March 13, 2015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118650

CTRP1は以下と相関

・　fasting blood glucose (P<0 .001="" p="">・　homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P<0 .001="" p="">・　body mass index (P=0.001)
・　alanine amino transferase (P=0.002)
・　gamma glutamyl transferase (P<0 .001="" p="">・　liver stiffness (P<0 .001="" p="">

ホントに知りたいのは、ウィルス性肝炎や自己免疫疾患との鑑別、特に非B非C肝炎なんだけどなぁ

高脂肪食は、腸内細菌フローラを変容させ神経行動変容を来す？

腸内フローラ流行・・・　高脂肪食:high-fat diet (HFD) が行動変容を？　脳の炎症プレセス徴候？

脱炭水化物食がはやってるが、こうやってみると、高脂肪食も怖い・・・と、NHKが世間にひろめた”腸内フローラ”を介した機序

Obese-type Gut Microbiota Induce Neurobehavioral Changes in the Absence of Obesity.
Annadora J. Bruce-Keller,　et. al.
Biological Psychiatry, 2015; 77 (7): 607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.012

HFD細菌叢は、有意な体重変化を持たさない条件下で、探索的行動、認知行動、ステレオタイプ行動の有意にかつ選択的に破綻を来す

連続系統発生解析にて、分類分布のαｰ、βｰdiversity、modulationの群間の違いに於ける、核微小細菌叢の存在が明らかとなった。代謝活動性taxonの有意な統計学的な差を認めた。
HFD 微生物細菌叢は、腸内バリア機能の破壊、血中エンドトキシンの増加、ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1、　toll-like receptor 2、 toll-like receptor 4のリンパ球上の発現を増加。

最終的に脳のすりつぶし標本にて、HFD微生物細菌叢は、神経炎症を増加させ、脳血管ホメオスタシスを破壊する。